Non-communicable diseases (NCDS), such as cardiovascular disorders
accounts for 17.9 million deaths in 2018, followed by cancers which accounted
for 9.0 million deaths, respiratory diseases with 3.9 million deaths, and
diabetes resulted in 1.6 million deaths. Other than cancer, infectious
diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and HPV, are also
responsible for the increasing death rates, especially in developing countries.
In 2018, HIV accounted for 770,000 deaths globally, and more than 1.7 million
people were newly infected. In 2018, there were an estimated 228 million cases
of malaria worldwide.
According to the World Health Organization, there is a great
disparity in the life expectancy rate in low-income countries than in
high-income countries, such as Australia, Canada, the U.S., and the U.K. In
2016, life expectancy was 18.1 years lower in low-income countries (62.7 years)
than in high-income countries (80.8 years). The extension of life expectancy
and the ageing of populations globally has resulted in the increased prevalence
of many noncommunicable, chronic, progressive conditions including neurological
disorders.
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